{"id":277,"date":"2014-09-18T05:38:58","date_gmt":"2014-09-18T05:38:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.nuventure.in\/?p=277"},"modified":"2019-11-05T10:28:20","modified_gmt":"2019-11-05T04:58:20","slug":"an-introduction-to-web-crawling-using-ruby-and-nokogiri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nuventureconnect.com\/blog\/2014\/09\/18\/an-introduction-to-web-crawling-using-ruby-and-nokogiri\/","title":{"rendered":"An Introduction to Web Crawling  using  Ruby and  Nokogiri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Web Crawling<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">A web crawler is a program automated script that browses world wide web in methodical and automated manner.Key motivation for designing web crawlers has been retrieve web pages and add their representations to local repository. &nbsp; Other less frequently used names of a web crawler are<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bot<\/li>\n<li>ants<\/li>\n<li>automatic indexers<\/li>\n<li>worm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Difference between web-crawling and web-scraping<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Web scraping,&nbsp; is the process of processing a web document and extracting information out of it.<\/p>\n<p>web scraping will focus on two things:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Examining what the webpage expects from the user and what it shows the user.<\/li>\n<li>Processing the data being sent or received by the browser<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Web crawling, is the process of iteratively finding and fetching web links starting from a list of seed URL&#8217;s. Strictly speaking, to do web crawling, we to do some degree of web scraping (to extract the URL&#8217;s.)<\/p>\n<p>Next we discus&nbsp; the theory, technique, and programming needed to write web-scrapers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Use of web inspector in crawling<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>All of the major browsers have a web inspector built-in or available to them.This highlights selected elements.Data-seekers will get even more utility out of the network panel, which provides a way to directly examine the data and logic underneath the webpage displaying.<\/p>\n<p>The network panel is used to&nbsp; examine the source of dynamically loaded data requests like Javascript or Flash.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nokogiri (Rubygem)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>RubyGems is a package manager for the Ruby programming language that provides a standard format for distributing Ruby programs and libraries.<\/p>\n<p>Nokogiri&nbsp; is an HTML, XML, SAX, and Reader parser. Among Nokogiri\u2019s many features is the ability to search documents via XPath or CSS3 selectors.<\/p>\n<p>Features of Nokogiri<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&nbsp;&nbsp; XPath support for document searching<\/li>\n<li>&nbsp;CSS3 selector support for document searching<\/li>\n<li>XML\/HTML builder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Parsing HTML with Nokogiri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Step -1 require rubygems and nokogiri pakaege<\/p>\n<p>All web crawling script is having&nbsp; these two lines in the beginning<\/p>\n<p>require &#8220;rubygems&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>require &#8220;nokogiri&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Step &#8211; 2&nbsp; Opening page with open-uri pakage.<\/p>\n<p>If the webpage is stored as a file on&nbsp; hard drive, pass it in like so:<br \/>\npage = Nokogiri::HTML(open(&#8220;index.html&#8221;))<\/p>\n<p>If the webpage is live on a remote site, like&nbsp; http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/<\/p>\n<p>page = Nokogiri::HTML(open(&#8220;http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/&#8221;))<\/p>\n<p>If the webpage is live on a remote site, like http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/, then include the open-uri module, which is part of the standard Ruby distribution but must be explicitly required&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>ie.&nbsp; require &#8220;open-uri&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Open-uri&nbsp; encapsulate all the work of making a HTTP request into the open method, making the operation as simple as as opening a file on our own hard drive.<\/p>\n<p>Step &#8211; 3&nbsp; Selecting elements<\/p>\n<p>Nokogiri&#8217;s css method allow&nbsp; to target individual or groups of HTML methods using CSS selectors.<br \/>\nEg.<br \/>\npage = Nokogiri::HTML(open(&#8220;index.html&#8221;))<br \/>\nputs page.class&nbsp;&nbsp; # =&gt; Nokogiri::HTML::Document<br \/>\npage.css(\u201ctitle\u201d).text #=&gt;title of the web page<\/p>\n<p>The css method does not return the text of the target element,<br \/>\nIt returns an array \u2013 more specifically, a Nokogiri data object that is a collectino of Nokogiri::XML::Element objects. These Element objects have a variety of methods.<br \/>\nEg<br \/>\ntext<br \/>\nname<br \/>\nattr<br \/>\nvalue etc..<\/p>\n<p>Page.css(\u201ccsspath\u201d)[:atrname]&nbsp;&nbsp; #=&gt;atrvalue<br \/>\nPage.css(\u201ca.link\u201d)[:href]&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;#=&gt;\u201dhttp:\/\/anyvalue.come\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Parsing XML using Nokogiri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There is small difference in xml parsing with html parsing . In xml parsing use XML class for parsing .<\/p>\n<p>Page = Nokogiri::XML(open(\u201cfile.xml or url\u201d))<br \/>\nretuns an Nokogiri::XML::Document<br \/>\nUse object method \u201cxpath\u201d like \u201ccss\u201d method for<br \/>\nto target elements<br \/>\nPage.xpath(\u201ccopy xpath from browser inspector\u201d)<\/p>\n<p>we can use all other object method described above for xml parsing<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Web Crawling A web crawler is a program automated script that browses world wide web in methodical and automated manner.Key motivation for designing web crawlers has been retrieve web pages and add their representations to local repository. &nbsp; Other less frequently used names of a web crawler are Bot ants automatic indexers worm Difference between [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":819,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nuventure Blog An Introduction to Web Crawling using Ruby and Nokogiri -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nuventure Blog Web Crawling A web crawler is a program automated script that browses world wide web in methodical and automated manner.Key motivation for designing web\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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